tailieunhanh - Environmental Management of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) - Chapter 11

Gà, lớp, gà tây, vịt, ngan, ngỗng, gà trò chơi bao gồm các ngành gia cầm ngành công nghiệp. Chương này chỉ tập trung vào các gà thịt, các lớp, và gà tây, chiếm 99% trang trại biên lai thu hàng năm từ việc bán gia cầm năm 1997 (USDA, 1998a). Gà chiếm khoảng 65% doanh số bán hàng gia cầm, với doanh số của trứng và gà tây chiếm 21% và 13%, (USDA, 1998b). Cho đến những năm 1950, hầu hết gia cầm của quốc gia được sản xuất ở các trang trại gia đình nhỏ ở Miền Trung Tây Kỳ. Miền trung phía tây. | 11 Poultry Feeding Operations Poultry litter liquid poultry manure and dead bird residues are nutrient-rich bacteria-laden materials that can be a threat to groundwater if not properly managed. These waste materials can benefit the farmstead if they are properly stored handled and applied to land. The manner in which poultry waste is collected stored treated and applied to land can make a big difference in its fertilizer value. Stored poultry waste and compost residue material should be sampled and tested to determine how much nitrogen phosphorus and potassium they contain. The litter liquid poultry manure and compost nutrient information will help determine fertilizer needs along with waste application rates for a pasture or crop. Oklahoma State University 2005 INTRODUCTION Broilers layers turkeys ducks geese and game fowl encompass the subsectors of the poultry industry. This chapter focuses only on broilers layers and turkeys which accounted for 99 of the annual farm receipts from the sale of poultry in 1997 USDA 1998a . Broilers accounted for approximately 65 of poultry sales with sales of eggs and turkeys accounting for 21 and 13 respectively USDA 1998b . Up until the 1950s most of the nation s poultry was produced on small family farms in the Midwestern United States. Midwestern states provided favorable climatic conditions for seasonal production of poultry and close proximity to major sources of grain feed. With the advent of controlled environment housing facilities poultry production ceased to be a seasonal activity. With improvement of transportation and distribution systems the poultry industry eventually expanded from the Midwest to other regions. By 1997 the value of poultry production exceeded billion and much of the poultry output was generated on large facilities with confinement capacities in excess of 100 000 birds USDA 1998a . Poultry production especially broiler production is a highly vertically integrated industry and as a result .