tailieunhanh - Environmental Management of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) - Chapter 10

Hiện nay, hai quan điểm hiện hành về hoạt động nuôi lợn được phổ biến tại Hoa Kỳ. Theo Cơ quan Bảo vệ Môi trường Mỹ (2005), ngành chăn nuôi lợn phải đối mặt với tăng trưởng giám sát về quản lý môi trường. Tác động tiềm năng của một hoạt động cá nhân môi trường thay đổi với động vật tập trung, thời tiết, địa hình, đất, sản xuất và chất thải chiến lược, quản lý và các điều kiện khác rất nhiều. Mặt khác, theo Mỹ Hội đồng quốc gia sản xuất thịt lợn (2005), "tập trung hoạt động sản xuất thịt lợn. | 10 Swine Feeding Operations This is your panhandle hog farm cough. I been workin over at Murphy Farms haulin waste. It s occupational. But I got laid off last week so it s getting better. A bad cough goes with a corporate hog farm. Proulx 2002 p. 112 INTRODUCTION Currently two prevailing views on swine feeding operations are popular in the United States. According to the . Environmental Protection Agency 2005 the swine industry faces growing scrutiny of its environmental stewardship. The potential impact of an individual operation on the environment varies with animal concentration weather terrain soils production and waste management strategies and numerous other conditions. On the other hand according to the . National Pork Producers Council 2005 Concentrated pork production operations are subject to comprehensive regulations at the federal state and local level. Pork producers have taken the lead in working with the USEPA state regulators and environmental organizations in developing additional science-based options for regulatory programs p. 1 . Important point A typical finishing pig produces an average of gal of manure each day a total of 438 gal of manure each year at an average rate of lb of nitrogen. In total pork production accounts for 12 to 15 of all livestock manure in the United States. The . swine industry has undergone major consolidation over the past several decades. The number of hog operations which approached 3 million in the 1950s had declined to about 110 000 by 1997 USDA 1999a . The rate of consolidation has increased dramatically in the last decade during which the number of swine operations decreased by more than 50 USDA 1999b . This trend toward consolidation appears to be continuing today. Important point The total of amount of collectible manure from swine confinement operations is about 100 lb for every person in the United States. While the number of operations has decreased annual hog production has risen. The