tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: " Transcription of the T4 late genes'

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Transcription of the T4 late genes | Geiduschek and Kassavetis Virology Journal 2010 7 288 http content 7 1 288 VIROLOGY JOURNAL REVIEW Open Access Transcription of the T4 late genes E Peter Geiduschek George A Kassavetis Abstract This article reviews the current state of understanding of the regulated transcription of the bacteriophage T4 late genes with a focus on the underlying biochemical mechanisms which turn out to be unique to the T4-related family of phages or significantly different from other bacterial systems. The activator of T4 late transcription is the gene 45 protein gp45 the sliding clamp of the T4 replisome. Gp45 becomes topologically linked to DNA through the action of its clamp-loader but it is not site-specifically DNA-bound as other transcriptional activators are. Gp45 facilitates RNA polymerase recruitment to late promoters by interacting with two phage-encoded polymerase subunits gp33 the co-activator of T4 late transcription and gp55 the T4 late promoter recognition protein. The emphasis of this account is on the sites and mechanisms of actions of these three proteins and on their roles in the formation of transcription-ready open T4 late promoter complexes. Introduction T4 late genes are transcribed from simple promoters consisting of an 8-base pair TATA box placed 1 helical DNA turn upstream of the transcriptional start site the location of the bacterial Ơ -family RNA polymerase RNAP promoter -10 site . A significant AT base pair preponderance characterizes the segment immediately downstream of the TATA box that strand-separates when the late promoter opens for initiation of transcription there is no sequence conservation at the position corresponding to the bacterial promoter -35 site. Fifty of these sites are listed for the T4 genome 1 2 . The consensus first proposed by Christensen and Young 3 is tightly adhered to overall Figure 1 perfectly so at 32 sites with A -13 in place of T at nine sites and other single deviations from consensus at the remaining .

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