tailieunhanh - Heavy Metals Release in Soils - Chapter 4

Heavy Metal Độ hòa tan và Giao thông vận tải trong đất bị ô nhiễm do khai thác mỏ và Smelting Khai thác mỏ kim loại, luyện kim, chế biến trên toàn thế giới đã bị ô nhiễm đất với các kim loại nặng trong vượt quá nồng độ nền đất tự nhiên. Các quá trình này giới thiệu các chất ô nhiễm kim loại vào môi trường thông qua phát thải khí và hạt, chất lỏng thải và chất thải rắn (Dudka và Adriano, năm 1997). Ngoài ra ô nhiễm đất từ những con đường, nhiều người khai thác. | CHAPTER 4 Heavy Metal Solubility and Transport in Soil Contaminated by Mining and Smelting Steven L. McGowen and Nicholas T. Basta INTRODUCTION Metal mining smelting and processing throughout the world have contaminated soils with heavy metals in excess of natural soil background concentrations. These processes introduce metal contaminants into the environment through gaseous and particulate emissions waste liquids and solid wastes Dudka and Adriano 1997 . In addition to the soil contamination from these pathways many mining and smelting sites have considerable surface water and groundwater contamination from heavy metals released and transported from contaminated soils. This contamination endangers water supply resources as well as the economic and environmental health of surrounding communities. Many metal solubility and transport studies in soil have centered on land application of wastes such as biosolids that contain metal contaminants. Dowdy and Volk 1983 presented an excellent review of metal movement in soils amended with sewage sludge. Principles behind the chemistry solubility and potential movement of metals in soils have been presented in excellent reviews by McLean and Bledsoe 1992 and McBride 1989 . In addition to soil chemical reactions that affect metal solubility and potential movement other studies have provided information on modeling metal transport through soil systems. The use of models to describe transport and retention of metals through soils and the relationship between transport and soil physical and chemical properties has been reviewed Selim 1992 . Research techniques and methods for quantifying metal retention and transport in uncontaminated soils have been reviewed Selim and Amacher 1997 . Research involving heavy metal retention and transport and the quantification of these parameters has largely been undertaken using uncontaminated soils and the addition of metal salt reagents to simulate chemical and physical systems of .