tailieunhanh - CHILD HEALTH CARE DEMAND IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: UNCONDITIONAL ESTIMATES FROM THE PHILIPPINES

We will briefly comment on the estimation of standard errors. When we use community variables, instead of fixed effects, we adjust for clustering at the municipality level. This takes into account the spatial correlation of the error terms of every children living in the same municipality. When we use municipality fixed effects, we will adjust the standard errors to take into account the correlation of error terms of children living in the same household, as any correlation at the municipality level will be considered by the fixed effects. The results correct for the different probability of selection in the. | III KI FCND DP No. 70 FCND DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 70 CHILD HEALTH CARE DEMAND IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY UNCONDITIONAL ESTIMATES FROM THE PHILIPPINES Kelly Hallman Food Consumption and Nutrition Division International Food Policy Research Institute 2033 K Street . Washington . 20006 . 202 862-5600 Fax 202 467-4439 August 1999 FCND Discussion Papers contain preliminary material and research results and are circulated prior to a full peer review in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. It is expected that most Discussion Papers will eventually be published in some other form and that their content may also be revised. ii ABSTRACT This study examines how quality price and access to curative health care influence use of modern public modern private and traditional providers among 3 000 children age 0-2 years in Cebu Philippines. The analysis relies on a series of household community and health facility surveys conducted in 33 rural and urban communities during 1983-1986. The inclusion of data on potential health care users and available providers makes it possible to investigate the impact of the health care environment on demand. Furthermore since the study is not limited to only those children whose mothers report them as currently ill it avoids the possible biases caused by using a sample comprised of those who self-report morbidity. Distance to care is important for reducing demand unlike user fees that show no significant effects on the use of modern public or private services. The availability of oral rehydration therapy and child vaccines as well as the proportion of doctors to staff are important for increasing the use of public care while supplies of intravenous diarrhea treatments raise the demand for private services. Nonmodern practitioners were used more if they had recently attended an nongovernment- or government-sponsored health training session. Parental human capital and household income increase the utilization of private .