tailieunhanh - Clinical Surgery in General - part 4

Sự phát triển nhanh chóng của Systematic Reviews - bây giờ có phương pháp (mục tiêu resourceintensive) fomalized, kỹ lưỡng và tái sản xuất của Hầu như tất cả chủ đề Những phát hiện bằng chứng là, nó xếp hạng bởi chất lượng và phù hợp, và Tổng kết các kết quả dưới các hình thức Có khả năng để trở thành ngang hàng xem xét lại, và sử dụng bởi các bác sĩ bận rộn. | EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 12 c. The rapid evolution of systematic review - now a fomalized thorough and reproducible but resourceintensive method of finding virtually all evidence on a topic grading it by quality and relevance and summarizing the results in a form able to be peer reviewed and used by busy clinicians. d. The organization of the International Cochrane Collaboration. This links researchers information analysts and practising clinicians worldwide. In the UK two centres of particular importance are the Cochrane Centre in Oxford and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination in York. The collaboration helps to resource systematic reviews and engages with others in doing so worldwide. e. Technological developments in knowledge distribution - particularly CD-Rom and the Internet - which make knowledge widely accessible easily and relatively cheaply. Increasingly this means in the ward operating theatre diagnostic department outpatient clinic clinical staff s own offices and GP surgeries as well as in libraries postgraduate centre and people s own homes. 7. Evidence-based practice aims to improve clinical effectiveness - doing the right things for the right people at the right time in the best known way in routine practice. This means translating the findings of research which demonstrated efficacy - that there was a difference in a controlled trial in favour of one intervention over another - into effective use for a real population of patients. Achieving clinical effectiveness requires Professional staff who have up-to-date knowledge and skills together with appropriate attitudes Working together in a cohesive and coordinated fashion within clinical teams The support of managers to meet both patient needs and strategic needs of the organization Batstone Edwards 1997 . For surgeons this can mean some significant personal changes or even challenges. Only those with strong individual egos seem to become surgeons and surgery has a competitive culture. .