tailieunhanh - Chapter 070. Nutritional Requirements and Dietary Assessment (Part 3)

Note: This table presents recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) in bold type and adequate intakes (AIs) in ordinary type. RDAs and AIs may both be used as goals for individual intake. RDAs are set to meet the needs of almost all individuals (97 to 98%) in a group. For healthy breastfed infants, the AI is the mean intake. The AI for other life stage and gender groups is believed to cover needs of all individuals in the group, but lack of data or uncertainty in the data prevent being able to specify with confidence the percentage of individuals covered by. | Chapter 070. Nutritional Requirements and Dietary Assessment Part 3 Note This table presents recommended dietary allowances RDAs in bold type and adequate intakes AIs in ordinary type. RDAs and AIs may both be used as goals for individual intake. RDAs are set to meet the needs of almost all individuals 97 to 98 in a group. For healthy breastfed infants the AI is the mean intake. The AI for other life stage and gender groups is believed to cover needs of all individuals in the group but lack of data or uncertainty in the data prevent being able to specify with confidence the percentage of individuals covered by this intake. As retinol activity equivalents RAEs . 1 RAE 1 iig retinol 12 iig 0- carotene 24 iig a-carotene or 24 iig 0-cryptoxanthin. To calculate RAEs from retinol equivalents REs of provitamin A carotenoids in foods divide the REs by 2. For preformed vitamin A in foods or supplements and for provitamin A carotenoids in supplements 1 RE 1 RAE. As calciferol. 1 pg calciferol 40 IU vitamin D. cIn the absence of adequate exposure to sunlight. dAs a-tocopherol. a-Tocopherol includes RRR-a-tocopherol the only form of a-tocopherol that occurs naturally in foods and the 2R-stereoisomeric forms of a-tocopherol RRR- RSR- RRS- and RSS-a-tocopherol that occur in fortified foods and supplements. It does not include the 2S-stereoisomeric forms of a-tocopherol SRR- SSR- SRS- and SSS-a-tocopherol also found in fortified foods and supplements. eAs niacin equivalents NE . 1 mg of niacin 60 mg of tryptophan 0-6 months preformed niacin not NE . fAs dietary folate equivalents DFEs . 1 DFE 1 pg food folate pg of folic acid from fortified food or as a supplement consumed with food pg of a supplement taken on an empty stomach. gAlthough Als have been set for choline there are few data to assess whether a dietary supply of choline is needed at all stages of the life cycle and it may be that the choline requirement can be met by endogenous synthesis at some of these .