tailieunhanh - ASSESSMENT, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR - PART 10

Bằng một định nghĩa chặt chẽ, một cuộc tấn công khủng bố tự sát là An Assault dự kiến để Đạt Mục tiêu chính trị, Biểu diễn bên ngoài bối cảnh của một cuộc chiến tranh thông thường, trong khi kẻ tấn công nào cố ý giết chết Bản thân khác. Các hình thức tự hủy hoại yếu tố này tạo nên rất cơ khủng bố khác nhau trong cả tâm lý | CHAPTER 18 Suicide Terrorism Ariel Merari By a strict definition a suicide terrorist attack is an assault intended to achieve a political objective performed outside the context of a conventional war in which assailants intentionally kill themselves while killing others. The self-destructive element makes this form of terrorism substantially different in both its psychological foundations and potential consequences from other terrorist attacks that involve high risk for the perpetrators. Suicide terrorism constitutes a political and strategic problem of considerable import. This observation seems obvious after the September 11 2001 attacks in the United States. Yet even before the attacks in New York and Washington suicide attacks had on some occasions far-reaching political consequences. Attacks against American and French forces and diplomatic missions in Lebanon in 1983 resulted in the evacuation of the Multinational Force from that country. This step enabled the Syrian de-facto takeover of the country and had a vast inf luence on Lebanese domestic and international politics in the following years. In another arena Palestinian suicidal terrorist attacks in Israel in 1996 resulted in a change of government and had a major deleterious impact on the Middle East peace process. Suicide terrorist attacks attract much public interest and concern. This phenomenon has always been surrounded by mystery and fear. The fact that unlike ordinary self-destruction terrorist suicide has been murderous and often directed randomly against the population naturally augmented the feeling of danger and a need to understand it. In the Thanks are due to Ms. Nasra Hassan who conducted the interviews. 431 432 Special Issues absence of empirical research on this phenomenon the explanations offered have been speculative. The most common explanations emphasized cultural factors. Islamic religious fanaticism has been particularly popular in this context Hoffman 1998 Israeli 1997 Taylor 1988 .