tailieunhanh - Chapter 069. Tissue Engineering (Part 3)

TRC (Aastrom) Autologous adult bone marrow cells for bone grafting LiverX2000 (Algenix) Extracorporeal liver assist device Encapsulated islet (Amcyte) proliferated Encapsulated islet cells Myocell (Bioheart) Encapsulated infarction cells for myocardial BioSeed-C, BioSeed-Oral Autologous tissue repair for bone and cartilage Bone (Biotissue Technologies) E-matrix (Encelle) Repair or regeneration of diseased or damaged tissue MarkII (Excorp) Extracorporeal liver assist device ICX-PRO, (Intercytex) ICX-TRC Wound repair and hair regeneration HuCNS-SC Inc) (Stem Cell cells Human central nervous system stem NT-501 (Neurotech SA) Encapsulated cell technology for longterm delivery of therapeutic factors to retina Procord (Proneuron) Autologous activated macrophage therapy for patients with acute complete spinal cord injury ChondroCelect (Tigenix) . | Chapter 069. Tissue Engineering Part 3 Table 69-2 Tissue-Engineering Products in Clinical Trials TRC Aastrom Autologous adult bone marrow cells for bone grafting LiverX2000 Algenix Extracorporeal liver assist device Encapsulated proliferated islet Amcyte Encapsulated islet cells Myocell Bioheart Encapsulated cells for myocardial infarction BioSeed-C BioSeed-Oral Bone Biotissue Technologies Autologous tissue repair for bone and cartilage E-matrix Encelle Repair or regeneration of diseased or damaged tissue MarkII Excorp Extracorporeal liver assist device ICX-PRO ICX-TRC Intercytex Wound repair and hair regeneration HuCNS-SC Stem Cell Human central nervous system stem Inc cells NT-501 Neurotech SA Encapsulated cell technology for longterm delivery of therapeutic factors to retina Procord Proneuron Autologous activated macrophage therapy for patients with acute complete spinal cord injury ChondroCelect Tigenix Autologous chondrocyte implantation Spheramine Titan Pharmaceutical Retinal pigment epithelial cells in microcarriers to provide continuous source of dopamine in the brain ELAD Vigagen Extracorporeal liver assist device Challenges to Tissue Engineering The greatest success in tissue engineering to date has been in tissues such as skin and cartilage where the requirements for nutrients and oxygen are relatively low. Due to oxygen diffusion limitations the maximal thickness of an engineered tissue is 150-200 gm if there is not an intrinsic capillary network. Strategies used to overcome this limitation include transplantation of the tissue directly into the patient s vasculature or trying to induce angiogenesis by incorporating growth factors such as vascular endothelial cell growth factor into the scaffold. A more recent approach involves the creation of an intrinsic network of vascular channels immediately adjacent to the engineered tissue. A combination of microelectro mechanical systems MEMS fabrication technology and computational models of fractal branching .