tailieunhanh - User Interface Design for Programmers 2011 phần 7

Ẩn dụ nổi tiếng nhất là "phép ẩn dụ máy tính để bàn" được sử dụng trong Windows và Macintosh (xem Hình 4-1). các máy tính Nhiều công ty phần mềm có các phòng thí nghiệm kiểm tra khả năng sử dụng. Đây là lý thuyết đằng sau một phòng thí nghiệm khả năng sử dụng. | Chapter 11 People Can t Remember Overview One of the early principles of GUI interfaces was that you shouldn t ask people to remember things that the computer could remember. In the really really old days of command-line interfaces if you wanted to open a file you had to type its name see Figure 11-1 . Figure 11-1 Opening a file the command-line way. You have to remember that xv is the command that displays a picture and you have to remember the file name. The classic example of not relying on people s memory is the Open File dialog box which shows people a list of files rather than asking them to recall and type the exact file name. People remember things a lot better when they are given some clues and they d always rather choose something from a list than recall it from memory. See Figure 11-2. 60 Figure 11-2 Opening a file the Windows can choose the picture from a list of files. Things got even better when Windows 98 introduced thumbnails. Now you can see small versions of your pictures which make it even easier to find the one you want as shown in Figure 11-3. 61 Figure 11-3 Opening a file with thumbnails. This is a lot easier than remembering the names you gave to all of your files. Another example is the menus themselves. Historically providing a complete menu of available commands replaced the old command-line interfaces where you had to memorize the commands you wanted to use. This is fundamentally the reason why command-line interfaces are simply not better than GUI interfaces no matter what your UNIX friends tell you. Using a command-line interface is like having to learn the complete Korean language just to order food in the Seoul branch of McDonalds. Using a menu-based interface is like being able to point to the food you want and grunt and nod your head it conveys the same information with no learning curve. You can also see the minimum-memory principle at work in features like autocompletion. When you need to type something some programs make