tailieunhanh - Kiến trúc máy tính - Chương 8

CPU requests contents of memory location Check cache for this data If present, get from cache (fast) If not present, read required block from main memory to cache Then deliver from cache to CPU Cache includes tags to identify which block of main memory is in each cache slot | Chương 8 Hệ thống bộ nhớ Khoa KTMT Thiều Xuân Khánh Nội dung Các cấp bộ nhớ (Memory Hierarchy) Bộ nhớ cache (Cache Memory) Bộ nhớ trong (Main Memory) Bộ nhớ ảo (Virtual Memory) Khoa KTMT Thiều Xuân Khánh Các cấp bộ nhớ (Memory Hierarchy) Registers In CPU Internal or Main memory May include one or more levels of cache “RAM” External memory Backing store Khoa KTMT Thiều Xuân Khánh Memory Hierarchy - Diagram Performance Access time Time between presenting the address and getting the valid data Memory Cycle time Time may be required for the memory to “recover” before next access Cycle time is access + recovery Transfer Rate Rate at which data can be moved Khoa KTMT Thiều Xuân Khánh Physical Types Semiconductor RAM Magnetic Disk & Tape Optical CD & DVD Others Bubble Hologram Physical Characteristics Decay Volatility Erasable Power consumption Organisation Physical arrangement of bits into words Not always obvious . interleaved The Bottom Line How much? . | Chương 8 Hệ thống bộ nhớ Khoa KTMT Thiều Xuân Khánh Nội dung Các cấp bộ nhớ (Memory Hierarchy) Bộ nhớ cache (Cache Memory) Bộ nhớ trong (Main Memory) Bộ nhớ ảo (Virtual Memory) Khoa KTMT Thiều Xuân Khánh Các cấp bộ nhớ (Memory Hierarchy) Registers In CPU Internal or Main memory May include one or more levels of cache “RAM” External memory Backing store Khoa KTMT Thiều Xuân Khánh Memory Hierarchy - Diagram Performance Access time Time between presenting the address and getting the valid data Memory Cycle time Time may be required for the memory to “recover” before next access Cycle time is access + recovery Transfer Rate Rate at which data can be moved Khoa KTMT Thiều Xuân Khánh Physical Types Semiconductor RAM Magnetic Disk & Tape Optical CD & DVD Others Bubble Hologram Physical Characteristics Decay Volatility Erasable Power consumption Organisation Physical arrangement of bits into words Not always obvious . interleaved The Bottom Line How much? Capacity How fast? Time is money How expensive? Hierarchy List Registers L1 Cache L2 Cache Main memory Disk cache Disk Optical Tape So you want fast? It is possible to build a computer which uses only static RAM (see later) This would be very fast This would need no cache How can you cache cache? This would cost a very large amount Locality of Reference During the course of the execution of a program, memory references tend to cluster . loops 2. Cache Tổ ch Khoa KTMT Thiều Xuân Khánh Cache Small amount of fast memory Sits between normal main memory and CPU May be located on CPU chip or module Cache/Main Memory Structure Cache operation – overview CPU requests contents of memory location Check cache for this data If present, get from cache (fast) If not present, read required block from main memory to cache Then deliver from cache to CPU Cache includes tags to identify which block of main memory is in each cache slot Cache Read Operation - Flowchart Cache .

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