tailieunhanh - Human Developmental Toxicants - Part 5

Streptomycin là một kháng sinh aminoglycoside được sử dụng trong điều trị như một tác nhân antitubercular. Nó cũng được sử dụng như là một phần của liệu pháp kết hợp để điều trị viêm nội tâm mạc liên cầu hoặc enterococcal, bệnh dịch hạch, bệnh thỏ, và bệnh brucella. Nó được sản xuất bởi Griseus Streptomyces actinomycete đất, và một số hình thức muối đã được xây dựng để sử dụng điều trị từ vật liệu tổng hợp. Thuốc được sử dụng trong phương pháp điều trị cả con người và thú y | 20 Streptomycin Chemical name ớ-2-Deoxy-2- methylamino-a-L-glucopyranosyl-1 1 2 -ớ-5-deoxy- 3-C-formyl-a-L-lyxofuranosyl- 1 4 -A Aí - is aminoiminomethyl -D-streptamine CAS 57-92-1 SMILES C1 C OC2C C C C C2O O NC N N O NC N N OC C1 O C O C OC3C C C C O3 CO O O NC INTRODUCTION Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used therapeutically as an antitubercular agent. It is also used as part of combination therapy for treatment of streptococcal or enterococcal endocarditis plague tularemia and brucellosis. It is produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus and several salt forms have been formulated for therapeutic use from synthesized material. The drug is used in both human and veterinary therapeutics. Its mechanism of action is by inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding directly to the 30S ribosomal subunits causing a faulty peptide sequence to form the protein chain Lacy et al. 2004 . The drug is known by its generic name as well as by a variety of trade names. It has a pregnancy category of D due largely to its ototoxic properties see below . DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY Animals The drug has been studied by the pertinent human route intramuscular in the guinea pig mouse and rabbit. Guinea pigs injected with up to 100 mg kg day late in gestation evidenced no developmental toxicity Riskaer et al. 1952 . Mice given 500 mg kg day during 5 days of the organogenesis period had no overt developmental toxicity but about 20 of the fetuses had subtle microscopic 99 2007 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 100 Human Developmental Toxicants brain alterations Ericson-Strandvik and Gyllensten 1963 . In rabbits an unquantitated dose produced no developmental toxicity Nurazyan 1973 . Inner ear damage pertinent to this discussion see below was recorded postnatally in mice given 250 mg kg day streptomycin on gestational days 12 to 18 by the intraperitoneal route Nakamoto et al. 1985 . Humans In the human the aminoglycosides are well-established ototoxins in adults. .