tailieunhanh - EXPOSURE ANALYSIS -CHAPTER 5

Chương này đề với màn hình chất lượng không khí cá nhân, các thiết bị nhỏ mọi người có thể thực hiện với họ thông qua các hoạt động hàng ngày của họ sẽ lấy mẫu không khí họ thở. Theo dõi, giám sát cá nhân là "Tiêu chuẩn vàng" để đánh giá con người tiếp xúc với các chất gây ô nhiễm không khí. Trong không có cách nào khác, chúng ta có thể đo lường nồng độ thay đổi như người đi từ nhà của họ để xe của họ đến nơi làm việc của họ trên quá trình một ngày. Sự. | 5 Personal Monitors Lance A. Wallace . Environmental Protection Agency ret. CONTENTS VOC Pesticide Carbon Monoxide Monitors .103 Particle Newer Monitors for Other Pollutants References .110 SYNOPSIS This chapter deals with personal air quality monitors small devices people can carry with them through their daily activities that will sample the air they are breathing. Personal monitors are the gold standard for estimating human exposure to air pollutants. In no other way can we measure the changing concentrations as persons go from their houses to their cars to their workplaces over the course of a day. The development of personal monitors for measuring environmental pollutants began in the 1970s and continues today. The chapter provides the seldom-told history of how the . Environmental Protection Agency USEPA responded to the National Academy of Sciences recommendation to foster development of personal monitors. Early pioneers in developing monitors for volatile organic compounds VOCs pesticides carbon monoxide CO and particles are recognized. Current technologies are also described such as the new multipollutant personal monitor developed at Harvard. Only brief attention is paid to the results of the large-scale studies using these monitors because these findings are treated at greater length in accompanying chapters on these pollutants. But the monitors themselves are illustrated profusely. INTRODUCTION Personal air quality monitors have a long history perhaps beginning with the radiation badge invented early in the twentieth century to protect workers in radiological industries. Until about the late 1960s personal monitors were used mainly in occupational settings. Development of the monitors was encouraged by legislation such as the Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1970 and the Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of .