tailieunhanh - Coral Reef Restoration Handbook - Chapter 16

Các loại và số lượng các loài cây trong một khu rừng, như quần thể san hô trong một rạn san hô, tạo duy nhất các hệ sinh thái bằng cách tạo ra đa dạng sinh học, xây dựng môi trường sống ba chiều cấu trúc, và thay đổi điều kiện địa phương sinh học và môi trường. Kết quả từ chuyên sâu áp lực con người, cả hai hệ sinh thái đã mất đi khả năng phục hồi của họ, khả năng của họ để phục hồi và tự phục hồi tự nhiên mà không có sự can thiệp của con người hoạt. | 16 The Coral Gardening Concept and the Use of Underwater Nurseries Lessons Learned from Silvics and Silviculture Baruch Rinkevich CONTENTS Restoration through the Coral Reef Gardening Corals and Trees Two Major Framework Building Silvics and Silviculture Still Many Unresolved Reef Restoration A Special Case Midwater Floating References .299 ABSTRACT The types and numbers of tree species within a forest as coral colonies in a coral reef create unique ecosystems by generating biological diversities formulating the habitats three-dimensional structures and changing local biological and environmental conditions. Resulting from intensive anthropogenic pressure both ecosystems have lost their resilience their ability to recover and to self-rehabilitate naturally without active human intervention. However while forestry practices silviculture have been developed and tested worldwide for nearly two centuries the discipline of active reef restoration is less than a decade old. Nevertheless even though silviculture actions and concepts have long been subjected to rigorous scientific testing its applications are still elusive. The situation in the field of reef restoration is even more undefined because the concepts and basic protocols have not yet been well studied. Here one of the novel tools for coral reef restoration the gardening coral reefs concept where planned underwater nurseries present forestry principles is discussed bearing in mind the lessons learned from silvics and silviculture projects. Furthermore the recently developed approach of a mid-water floating nursery is explained. In the future as coral reef restoration may become the dominant conservation approach there would be the need not only to develop improved protocols and defined conceptual bases but also to adapt ideas established expertise and knowledge from silvicultural experience and