tailieunhanh - Applied Wetlands Science - Chapter 8

Tài liệu tham khảo giáo trình thủy văn áp dụng vùng đất ngập nước bằng tiếng Anh - Chương 8 Giám sát vùng đất ngập nước | Kent Donald M. Monitoring Wetlands Applied Wetlands Science and Technology Editor Donald M. Kent Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 2001 CHAPTER 8 Monitoring Wetlands Donald M. Kent CONTENTS Reasons for Monitoring Measures Properties of Individual Plants Properties of Vegetation Communities Landform Properties Properties of Soil Hydrologic and Hydraulic Properties Aquatic Physical and Chemical Properties Organismal Properties Properties of Individual Wildlife and Fish Species Properties of Wildlife and Fish Communities Approaches to Monitoring Selecting a Monitoring Approach Investment and Return Investment Return and Area Investment Return and Time Measures and Monitoring Approaches Investment Measures and Area Investment Measures and Time Monitoring Design and Analysis Design Analysis References 2001 CRC Press LLC Wetlands monitoring is the checking watching or tracking of wetlands for the purpose of collecting and interpreting data which is then used to record or control the wetland or processes affecting the wetland. Not to be confused with wetlands assessment or evaluation which is the valuation of wetlands monitoring of wetlands is a component of mitigation efforts Kusler and Kentula 1990 . Army Corps of Engineers 1989 the Environmental Protection Agency s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Paul et al. 1990 Leibowitz et al. 1991 and other programs designed to protect conserve and understand wetland resources New Hampshire Water Pollution Control Commission 1989 Haddad 1990 Walker 1991 . Monitoring efforts are conducted for several reasons using a variety of techniques to measure and assess an array of structural and functional parameters. The process of developing and implementing a monitoring program can be reduced to four basic steps Figure 1 . First and foremost the reason for monitoring must be identified and clearly stated. Second a determination of the measures appropriate for achieving the stated objective s must be made. Third an approach .