tailieunhanh - MULTI - SCALE INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF AGROECOSYSTEMS - CHAPTER 2

Nhận thức luận tình trạng khó khăn kéo theo bởi phức tạp Chương này có mục tiêu làm sáng tỏ một sự hiểu lầm thường ảnh hưởng đến cuộc tranh luận về làm thế nào để xử lý, về khoa học, thách thức ngụ ý bởi sự phát triển bền vững. Sự hiểu lầm được tạo ra bởi sự nhầm lẫn giữa các tính từ phức tạp và phức tạp. Tính phức tạp có liên quan với tính chất và mức độ chính thức thu được trong các bước của đại diện (mức độ của các entailments cú pháp được gợi. | 2 The Epistemological Predicament Entailed by Complexity This chapter has the goal of clarifying a misunderstanding that often affects the debate about how to handle in scientific terms the challenge implied by sustainable development. The misunderstanding is generated by confusion between the adjectives complicated and complex. Complicatedness is associated with the nature and degree of formalization obtained in the step of representation the degree of syntactic entailments implied by the model . That is complicated is an adjective that refers to models and not to natural systems. Making a model more complicated does not help when dealing with complexity. Complexity means that the set of relations that can be found when dealing with the representation of a shared perception is virtually infinite open and expanding. That is complex is an adjective that refers to the characteristics of a process of observation. Therefore it requires addressing the characteristics of a complex observer-observed that is operating within a given context. Dealing with complexity implies acknowledging the distinction between perception and representation that is the need to consider not only the characteristics of the observed but also the characteristics of the observer. Scientists are always inside any picture of the observer-observed complex and never acting from the outside. In scientific terms this implies 1 addressing the semantic dimension of our choices about how to perceive the reality in relation to goals and scales 2 acknowledging the existence of nonequivalent observers who are operating in different points in space and time on different scales using different detectors and different models and pursuing independent local goals and 3 acknowledging that any representation of the reality on a given scale reflects just one of the possible shared perceptions found in the population of interacting nonequivalent observers. To make things more difficult both observed systems and the