tailieunhanh - Freshwater Bivalve Ecotoxoicology - Chapter 3

Một cái nhìn Giới thiệu tóm tắt ở nước ngọt vẹm (Unionacea) Sinh học G. Thomas Watters Tóm tắt lịch sử Như với tất cả các khía cạnh của lịch sử tự nhiên, các nghiên cứu ban đầu của trai nước ngọt thông qua thông qua một số thời điểm thú vị. Sau thời kỳ Phục hưng, một sự quan tâm mới trong khoa học nói chung đã thực hiện nghiên cứu của ngay cả những sinh vật của Thiên Chúa lowliest một tiêu khiển chấp nhận được. Arm-ghế nhà tự nhiên, thường dựa trên những thông tin không thay đổi từ Aristotle,. | 3 A Brief Look at Freshwater Mussel Unionacea Biology G. Thomas Watters A BRIEF HISTORY As with all aspects of natural history the early study of freshwater mussels passed through some interesting times. After the Renaissance a renewed interest in the sciences in general made the study of even God s lowliest creatures an acceptable avocation. Arm-chair naturalists often relying on information unchanged from Aristotle reported on the creation of pearls from dew swallowed by swimming mussels Boetius in Rennie 1829 the ability of molluscs to voluntarily leave their shell Wood 1815 and the infection of mussels by mange and gangrene Poupart 1706 . But the enlightened study of freshwater mussel biology begins with the Dutch haberdasher Leeuwenhoek who turned the fledgling hobby of microscopy towards mussels. He removed eggs and glochidia from the marsupia of an Anodonta describing them in 1695 and illustrating them in 1697. He clearly believed that glochidia were larval mussels referring to them as oysters not yet born. But a century later Rathke 1797 stated that glochidia were parasites infesting the gills of mussels despite Leeuwenhoek s claims to the contrary see Heard 1999b . Rathke named the presumed parasites Glochidium parasiticum from which we derive the name for these larvae. A debate ensued over their true nature. To resolve the matter the Academie de Sciences Naturelles of Paris formed a committee to investigate the matter. In 1828 the committee reported that glochidia were indeed larvae rather than parasites although they arrived at this conclusion in a round-about manner Blainville 1828 . In 1832 Carus carefully followed the development of unionid eggs and finally conclusively demonstrated that glochidia were larval mussels. The study of mussels had begun to mature. In the spirit of the age scientists began to study mussels for mussels sake. Prevost 1826 in Europe and Kirkland 1834 in the United States experimentally determined that most mussels had separate