tailieunhanh - Freshwater Bivalve Ecotoxoicology - Chapter 2

Một đánh giá việc sử dụng Trai sò Unionid như các chỉ số sinh học Y tế hệ sinh thái John H. Văn Hassel và Jerry L. Farris GIỚI THIỆU Mối quan tâm đang tăng cao đối với tài nguyên trai nước ngọt đã mang lại một nhu cầu quan trọng cho chính xác theo dõi tình trạng của những sinh vật này. Ngoài ra, do độ nhạy cảm của họ để các nhiễu loạn môi trường nhiều, các con trai unionid đã được sử dụng như các chỉ số của cả hai tiếp xúc và ảnh hưởng của các nhiễu loạn. Tổng. | 2 A Review of the Use of Unionid Mussels as Biological Indicators of Ecosystem Health John H. Van Hassel and Jerry L. Farris INTRODUCTION The currently heightened concern for freshwater mussel resources has brought about a critical need for accurately monitoring the status of these organisms. In addition because of their sensitivity to many environmental perturbations unionid mussels have been used as indicators of both exposure to and effects of these perturbations. This review provides the historical background of unionid mussel use in various biomonitoring applications and critically evaluates the effectiveness of these applications. Recommendations for future directions in mussel biomonitoring and for system-level management practices for the conservation of mussel resources are offered. An extensive search of published literature and unpublished reports was made with a cut-off date of May 2003. This literature search was comprehensive but not exhaustive and is certainly representative of the work that has been conducted in this field. In all over 700 published articles reports and abstracts were examined for relevance to the scope of this review. In this review the term biomonitoring is expanded beyond the narrow definition of a continuing collection of data to establish whether explicitly stated quality conditions are being met Cairns and Smith 1994 to address the entire scope of applications of mussel measures that have been or may be used to evaluate and protect mussel populations. Previous reviews have focused on specific aspects of mussel biomonitoring including bioaccumulation and toxicity of contaminants Havlik and Marking 1987 Elder and Collins 1991 Naimo 1995 metal bioaccumulation and tissue residue effects Salazar 1997 and biomonitoring using caged mussels Smolders et al. 2003 . In the present review we attempt to link the considerable literature dealing with the use of unionid mussels as biological indicators of ecosystem health. According to Cairns