tailieunhanh - Product Design for the Environment: A Life Cycle Approach - Chapter 5

Tham khảo tài liệu 'product design for the environment: a life cycle approach - chapter 5', khoa học tự nhiên, công nghệ môi trường phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Chapter 5 Life Cycle Cost Analysis A manufacturing company s level of competitiveness in the global market depends on its capacity to bring products to market at the right time guaranteeing their functionality and quality and limiting the cost. Independent of product typology controlling only the costs of resource acquisition production and distribution can be considered an incomplete and obsolete approach in today s world. Only by including the costs of the entire life cycle among the parameters of the decision-making process is it possible to achieve a design that is effective in terms of economic feasibility. Life Cycle Cost Analysis or Life Cycle Costing is a methodology directed at the evaluation of all the costs associated with an activity or a product over its entire life cycle thus assuming the dual role of a Life Cycle Assessment in economic terms. By virtue of their shared life cycle approach Life Cycle Cost Analysis is the most appropriate economic analysis instrument in a Life Cycle Design intervention. Tracing the evolution of cost analysis in the ambit of product development this chapter will provide a full description of Life Cycle Cost Analysis considering the more significant premises outlining a methodological structure of reference and introducing both traditional and alternative models and tools. Cost Analysis and the Life Cycle Approach Cost analysis and assessment are two of the principal factors guiding the process of product development since they strictly condition the main decisional choices in a clear-cut manner. From the earliest theorizing on design intervention it has been emphasized how the economic worthwhileness of a proposal . the property of making the final product acquire sufficient value to repay the expenditure incurred in the production phase is one of the most rigid selection criteria Asimow 1962 . On entering the market a product manufactured through processes of transforming the resources employed must have .