tailieunhanh - Fundamentals of Project Management Worksmart by James P. Lewis_4

Tham khảo tài liệu 'fundamentals of project management worksmart by james p. lewis_4', kinh doanh - tiếp thị, quản trị kinh doanh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | I Developing a Mission Vision Goals and Objectives 51 On the other hand according to Deming if the system is not stable in the statistical sense of the word then again there is no need to specify a quota since there is no way to know what the capability of the system is. In project work we may know the capability of a person by looking at his or her past performance but unless you have a large number of samples you have no way of knowing exactly what the person can do since there is always variability in people s performance. Furthermore it does no good to base a quota on what someone else has done. The quota must be valid for the person who is going to do the job this time. We all know that some people are capable of more output than others. So defining the measurement and attainability aspects of goal or objective setting is very difficult. I go into this more in Chapter 6 when I discuss time estimating. I have found the following two questions to be useful both in setting objectives and in monitoring progress toward those objectives 1. What is our desired outcome This is called the outcome frame. It helps keep you focused on the result you are trying to achieve rather than on the effort being expended to get there. 2. How will we know when we achieve it I call this the evidence question. This question is very useful for establishing exit criteria for objectives that cannot be quantified. What follows are a couple of examples of objectives Our objective is to develop a one-minute commercial to solicit contributions to WXYZ to air on local TV stations by June 5 2012. Our objective is to raise 600 000 in funds from local viewers by September 18 2012. American Management Association 52 Fundamentals of Project Management The Nature of Objectives Note that these examples of objectives do not say how they will be achieved. I consider an objective to be a statement that tells me what result is to be achieved. The how is problem solving and I prefer to .