tailieunhanh - Mercury Hazards to Living Organisms - Chapter 9

Ảnh hưởng đáng kể sublethal thủy ngân bao gồm một tần số gia tăng của bệnh ung thư, dị tật bẩm sinh, và sai lệch nhiễm sắc thể ở động vật trong phòng thí nghiệm và động vật hoang dã. Các tác dụng phụ của mercurials sublethal cũng bao gồm sự ức chế tăng trưởng, sinh sản bất thường, mô bệnh học, tích lũy thủy ngân cao và kiên trì, và phá vỡ sinh hóa, chuyển hóa, và hành vi. Những và các khía cạnh khác của tiếp xúc với mercurials khác nhau bởi các sinh vật sống - tài. | Chapter 9 Sublethal Effects of Mercury Significant sublethal effects of mercury include an increased frequency of cancers birth defects and chromosomal aberrations in laboratory animals and wildlife. Adverse sublethal effects of mercurials also include growth inhibition abnormal reproduction histopathology high mercury accumulations and persistence and disrupted biochemistry metabolism and behavior. These and other aspects of exposure to various mercurials by living organisms are documented and discussed for representative species of bacteria and other microorganisms aquatic and terrestrial plants and invertebrates fishes amphibians birds and mammals. carcinogenicity genotoxicity and teratogenicity The social significance of cancer inherited effects and birth defects cannot be underestimated. For example during the Minamata Bay Japan methylmercury poisoning outbreak discussed in detail in Chapter 10 in which thousands of people were afflicted and many died dozens of fetuses affected in utero as a result of maternal ingestion of methylmercury-contaminated food were born with mental retardation and motor disorders Y. Harada 1977 M. Harada 1978 Inouye and Kajiwara 1988c . There was much concern in the neighboring population that irreversible genetic damage could produce malformations and other adverse effects in subsequent generations. Accordingly some parents prohibited marriages of their sons and daughters with persons from Minamata D Itri and D Itri 1977 . Although studies with mice indicated that intrauterine exposure effects to methylmercury were practically nil in humans Inouye and Kajiwara 1988c the stigma remains. Carcinogenicity Mercury has been assigned a weight-of-evidence classification of D which indicates that it is not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity USPHS 1994 . Beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas in the St. Lawrence estuary have a high incidence of cancer Gauthier et al. 1998 . Studies with isolated skin fibroblasts of beluga whales