tailieunhanh - báo cáo khoa học: " Smoking marijuana in public: the spatial and policy shift in New York City arrests, 1992–2003"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Smoking marijuana in public: the spatial and policy shift in New York City arrests, 1992–2003 | Harm Reduction Journal BioMed Central Open Access Smoking marijuana in public the spatial and policy shift in New York City arrests 1992-2003 Andrew Golub 1 2 Bruce D Johnson2 and Eloise Dunlap2 Address Department of Sociology University of Vermont Burlington VT USA and institute for Special Populations Research National Development and Research Institutes Inc. New York NY USA Email Andrew Golub - Bruce D Johnson - Johnsonb@ Eloise Dunlap - dunlap@ Corresponding author Published 04 August 2006 Received 12 May 2006 _ - .AA u-mrnm Accepted 04 August 2006 Harm Reduction Journal 2006 3 22 doi l 477-7517-3-22 This article is available from http content 3 1 22 2006 Golub et al licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http licenses by which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract__ Background During the 1990s the New York Police Department NYPD greatly expanded arrests for smoking marijuana in public view MPV . By 2000 MPV accounted for 15 of all arrests. The NYPD s supporters report this arrest activity is just part of quality-of-life QOL policing which seeks to promote order in public locations by aggressively patrolling for behaviors that offend the general population. The NYPD s critics contend the NYPD has disproportionately targeted poor black and Hispanic communities. Methods This paper analyzes the geographic distribution of MPV arrests from 1992 to 2003 to evaluate these alternative perspectives. A sequence of maps identify that the focus of MPV arrests shifted over time. Results In the early 1990s most MPV arrests were recorded in the lower half of Manhattan NYC s business and cultural .