tailieunhanh - Methods and Techniques in Urban Engineering Part 14

Tham khảo tài liệu 'methods and techniques in urban engineering part 14', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Sound Pressure Measurements in Urban Areas 253 Fig. 5 . Microphones of different diameters must use different preamplifiers or specific adapters. Fig. 5. Preamplifier for condenser A and electrect B microphones microphones attached The signal conditioning for the electrect microphones is usually incorporated in the sound level meter and no preamplifier is usually seen although it exists inside the meter. In some cases where constant voltage and varying current measurement circuits are used as in the case of IEPE interfaces even the electrect microphones are fitted with specific preamplifiers. Due to the nature of the circuitry involved in these cases only pre-polarised microphones can be used. The complete measurement chain consists of microphone preamplifier cables and sound level meter. Although being part of the chain the preamplifiers are not normally required to be metrologically calibrated only the microphones and SLM. However during the normal calibration or verification prior to the measurements the whole chain including the preamplifier must be verified with an acoustic calibrator. Meters and Analysers Once the pressure fluctuations were transformed into electrical signals through the microphone and preamplifier a device is needed to properly execute the frequency weighting the RMS and level calculations displaying at the end of the process the obtained values. Since the sound level is the quantity being measured one speaks of a Sound Level Meter SLM . If the device is capable of doing some kind of frequency analysis it is in turn called analyser or spectral analyser If only the instantaneous values of the detectors slow fast and or impulsive are available one may speak of a simple SLM. If it is possible to configure the equipment to measure an equivalent level during some specified time interval it is then called Integrating Sound Level Meter Fig. 6 . Besides the possibility of displaying the already mentioned levels from each detector the SLM shall .

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