tailieunhanh - Gãy xương mắt cá chân trẻ em

Tham khảo tài liệu 'gãy xương mắt cá chân trẻ em', y tế - sức khoẻ, y học thường thức phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Pediatric Ankle Fractures Evaluation and Treatment Robert M. Kay MD and Gary A. Matthys MD Abstract Pediatric ankle fractures account for approximately 5 of pediatric fractures and 15 of physeal injuries. The biomechanical differences between mature and immature bones as well as the differing forces applied to those bones help explain the differences between adult and pediatric fractures. The potential complications associated with pediatric ankle fractures include those seen with adult fractures such as posttraumatic arthritis stiffness and reflex sympathetic dystrophy as well as those that result from physeal damage including leglength discrepancy angular deformity or a combination thereof . The goals of treatment are to achieve and maintain a satisfactory reduction and to avoid physeal arrest. A knowledge of common pediatric ankle fracture patterns and the pitfalls associated with their evaluation and treatment will aid the clinician in the effective management of these injuries. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2001 9 268-278 Ankle fractures are distal tibial and fibular fractures that occur at or distal to the level of the metaphysis. Defining the cutoff between a pediatric and an adult fracture is somewhat arbitrary the upper age limit of 18 years is often used. Alternatively pediatric fractures may be defined as those that occur in individuals with open physes regardless of chronologic age. Ankle fractures account for approximately 5 of pediatric fractures and 15 of physeal Such fractures occur twice as frequently in Peak incidence is in the age range of 8 to 15 years. The annual incidence of ankle fractures in the pediatric population is approximately . Ligamentous injuries in the growing child are unusual. Due to the fact that ligaments are generally stronger than open physes low-energy trauma such as an inversion injury that might result in a ligamentous injury in an adult often results in a physeal fracture in a skeletally immature .