tailieunhanh - báo cáo khoa học: " Injection drug use, unsafe medical injections, and HIV in Africa: a systematic review"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Injection drug use, unsafe medical injections, and HIV in Africa: a systematic review | Harm Reduction Journal BioMed Central Open Access Review Injection drug use unsafe medical injections and HIV in Africa a systematic review Savanna R Reid Address School of Community Health Sciences University of Nevada at Las Vegas 4505 Maryland Parkway Las Vegas NV 89154 USA Email Savanna R Reid - inkwell_11@ Published 28 August 2009 Received 23 February 2009 Accepted 28 August 2009 Harm Reduction Journal 2009 6 24 doi l 477-7517-6-24 This article is available from http content 6 1 24 2009 Reid licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http licenses by which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract The reuse of injecting equipment in clinical settings is well documented in Africa and appears to play a substantial role in generalized HIV epidemics. The . and the WHO have begun to support large scale injection safety interventions increased professional education and training programs and the development and wider dissemination of infection control guidelines. Several African governments have also taken steps to control injecting equipment including banning syringes that can be reused. However injection drug use IDU of heroin and stimulants is a growing risk factor for acquiring HIV in the region. IDU is increasingly common among young adults in sub-Saharan Africa and is associated with high risk sex thus linking IDU to the already well established and concentrated generalized HIV epidemics in the region. Demand reduction programs based on effective substance use education and drug treatment services are very limited and imprisonment is more common than access to drug treatment services. Drug policies are still very punitive and there is widespread misunderstanding of and hostility to harm reduction programs . needle .