tailieunhanh - Waste Treatment in the Process Industries - Chapter 4

Công nghệ sinh học môi trường liên quan đến khoa học và kiến thức thực tế liên quan đến việc sử dụng các vi sinh vật và các sản phẩm của họ. Công nghệ sinh học kết hợp kiến thức cơ bản trong vi sinh vật học, hóa sinh, di truyền học, và sinh học phân tử, và kiến thức kỹ thuật của các quá trình và thiết bị cụ thể. Các ứng dụng chính của công nghệ sinh học trong xử lý chất thải nguy hại công nghiệp là: công tác phòng chống ô nhiễm môi trường thông qua. | 4 Application of Biotechnology for Industrial Waste Treatment Joo-Hwa Tay Stephen Tiong-Lee Tay and Volodymyr Ivanov Nanyang Technological University Singapore Yung-Tse Hung Cleveland State University Cleveland Ohio . BIOTREATABILITY OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTES Environmental biotechnology concerns the science and practical knowledge relating to the use of microorganisms and their products. Biotechnology combines fundamental knowledge in microbiology biochemistry genetics and molecular biology and engineering knowledge of the specific processes and equipment. The main applications of biotechnology in industrial hazardous waste treatment are prevention of environmental pollution through waste treatment remediation of polluted environments and biomonitoring of environment and treatment processes. The common biotechnological process in the treatment of hazardous waste is the biotransformation or biodegradation of hazardous substances by microbial communities. Bioagents for hazardous waste treatment are biotechnological agents that can be applied to hazardous waste treatment including bacteria fungi algae and protozoa. Bacteria are microorganisms with prokaryotic cells and typically range from 1 to 5 mm in size. Bacteria are most active in the biodegradation of organic matter and are used in the wastewater treatment and solid waste or soil bioremediation. Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that assimilate organic substances and typically range from 5 to 20 mm in size. Fungi are important degraders of biopolymers and are used in solid waste treatment especially in composting or in soil bioremediation for the biodegradation of hazardous organic substances. Fungal biomass is also used as an adsorbent of heavy metals or radionuclides. Algae are saprophytic eukaryotic microorganisms that assimilate light energy. Algal cells typically range from 5 to 20 mm in size. Algae are used in environmental biotechnology for the removal of organic matter in waste lagoons. .