tailieunhanh - Sách: Children's Health and the Environment: WHO Training Package for the Health Sector World Health Organization

Yes. Local anesthetic with epinepherine can be used during pregnancy. Lidocaine with epinephrine is considered safe during pregnancy. Lidocaine (2%) is a category B drug in contrast to mepivicaine (3%) which is a category C drug. Lidocaine with epinephrine prolongs the length of anesthesia because the drug is absorbed slowly. There is a theoretical concern about the effect of epinephrine on uterine muscle. No scientific studies, however, could be found to confirm this effect in pregnant women. The frequency of malformations was not increased among reviews of almost 300 children whose mothers were given lidocaine during early pregnancy (11;13) | TRAINING FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS Date .Place . MERCURY Children s Health and the Environment WHO Training Package for the Health Sector World Health Organization www. ceh July 2008 version NOTE TO USER Please add details of the date time place and sponsorship of the meeting for which you are using this presentation in the space indicated. NOTE TO USER This is a large set of slides from which presenters should select the most relevant ones to use in a specific presentation. These slides cover all forms of mercury their sources and toxicities. Present only those slides that apply most directly to the local situation in your region. Mercury LEARNING OBJECTIVES To understand recognize and know Health hazards associated with exposure to the 3 different species of mercury Hg How to diagnose and manage mercury exposure and poisoning Public health implications How to prevent and reduce exposure 2 After this presentation viewers should understand recognize and know READ SLIDE Mercury is a developmental toxicant whose effects have been known for many decades but concern has increased in the last few years among the medical and environmental communities due to the recognition of its environmental ubiquity and persistence and the developmental effects observed at relatively low levels of exposure. In December 2002 the United Nations Environment Programme UNEP published a Global Mercury Assessment calling for immediate actions to reduce pollution. In May 2005 the first Conference of the Parties COP 1 proposed the inclusion of mercury into the group of the Persistent Toxic Pollutants PTPs . Ref UNEP. Global Mercury Assessment December 2002 www. . ch mercury default. htm Mercury MERCURY Is persistent and cycles globally Continues to be widely used Exposure has serious effects Has an impact on global fishing May generate bigger problems in less-developed regions Interventions can be successful UNEP. Global Mercury Assessment December 2002