tailieunhanh - Essential Nutrition Actions Improving Maternal-Newborn-Infant and Young Child Health and Nutrition

Malnutrition in all its forms either directly or indirectly is responsible for approximately half of all deaths worldwide. This applies to perinatal and infectious diseases as well as chronic diseases. Malnutrition accounts for 11% of the global burden of disease, leading to long-term poor health and disability and poor educational and developmental outcomes. Worldwide, by 2010 it was found that about 104 million children under five years of age were underweight and 171 million stunted. At the same time, it was found that about 43 million children under five were overweight or obese1 . About 90% of stunted children live. | Essential Nutrition Actions Improving Maternal-Newborn-Infant and Young Child Health and Nutrition Introduction Malnutrition in all its forms either directly or indirectly is responsible for approximately half of all deaths worldwide. This applies to perinatal and infectious diseases as well as chronic diseases. Malnutrition accounts for 11 of the global burden of disease leading to long-term poor health and disability and poor educational and developmental outcomes. Worldwide by 2010 it was found that about 104 million children under five years of age were underweight and 171 million stunted. At the same time it was found that about 43 million children under five were overweight or obese1. About 90 of stunted children live in 36 countries and children under two years of age are most affected by undernutrition2 3 4. Nearly 20 million children under five suffer from severe acute malnutrition which is a lifethreatening condition requiring urgent treatment. In fact it is estimated that it contributes to 1 million child deaths every year. The order of magnitude of this estimate suggests that severe malnutrition in children is an important public health problem314. It has been estimated that in 2009 million children under five died mostly from preventable causes such as pneumonia diarrhoea malaria and neonatal conditions Figure 1 about 90 of deaths of children under five happen in 42 countries with half the worldwide deaths occurring in only six countries5. Undernutrition associated with about one third of those deaths was then associated with almost 3 million children deaths in 2009. Improvement of exclusive breastfeeding practices adequate and timely complementary feeding along with continued breastfeeding for up to two years or beyond could save annually the lives of million children under five years of age6. Growth failure during intrauterine life and poor nutrition in the first two years of life have critical consequences throughout the life-course. .

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