tailieunhanh - Climate Change and Managed Ecosystems - Chapter 19

Như một kết quả của Nghị định thư Kyoto (KP) và cái gọi là "cơ chế linh hoạt," biến đổi khí hậu và cơ chế để giảm thiểu tác động tiềm năng của nó đã thu hút đáng kể kinh tế và sự chú ý chính sách. Lý do chính cho sự chú ý này là KP có một tập hợp các công cụ cho phép các quốc gia để đạt được lượng khí thải mục tiêu giảm trong nhiều cách khác nhau, một số trong đó không dẫn đến thực tế, dài hạn giảm phát thải khí gây hiệu ứng nhà kính. Một mục. | Part IV Economics and Policy Issues 2006 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 19 Economics of Forest and Agricultural Carbon Sinks . van Kooten CONTENTS Economic Instruments to Address Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol Terrestrial Carbon Sinks Additionality Monitoring and Discounting Physical Credit The Ephemeral Nature of Prognosis for Forest Ecosystem Prognosis for Agricultural INTRODUCTION As a result of the Kyoto Protocol KP and its so-called flexibility mechanisms climate change and mechanisms to mitigate its potential effects have attracted considerable economic and policy attention. A major reason for this attention is that the KP has a complex set of instruments that enable countries to achieve emissions reduction targets in a wide variety of ways some of which are unlikely to lead to real long-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. One purpose of this chapter therefore is to provide an overview of economic reasoning applied to climate change and to illustrate how terrestrial carbon uptake credits offset credits operate within the KP framework. Attention is focused on the feasibility of terrestrial carbon sinks to slow the rate of CO2 buildup in the I also examine the results of several empirical studies into the costs of carbon uptake in agricultural ecosystems and by forestry activities. For example Manley et examined the costs of creating soil carbon sinks by switching from conventional to zero tillage. The viability of agricultural carbon sinks was found to vary 375 2006 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 376 Climate Change and Managed Ecosystems by region and crop with no-till representing a low-cost option in some regions costs of less than 15 tC-1 but a high-cost option in others costs of 100 to 400 tC-1 . A particularly relevant finding