tailieunhanh - Nguyên nhân Loãng xương

Trung trừu tượng loãng xương xảy ra như là một hậu quả của các yếu tố lối sống khác nhau (ví dụ như rối loạn ăn uống, hút thuốc lá, nghiện rượu), quá trình mắc bệnh (ví dụ, endocrinopathies, bệnh đường tiêu hóa, bệnh gan mật), và các phác đồ điều trị bao gồm corticosteroid hoặc các tác nhân hóa trị liệu. Một số các thực thể bệnh tiềm ẩn loãng xương thứ cấp | Secondary Osteoporosis Kimberly Templeton MD Abstract Secondary osteoporosis occurs as a consequence of various lifestyle factors eg eating disorders smoking alcoholism disease processes eg endocrinopathies gastrointestinal tract disease hepatobiliary disease and treatment regimens that comprise corticosteroids or chemotherapeutic agents. Some of the disease entities underlying secondary osteoporosis may be clinically silent and identified only during evaluation for documented osteoporosis. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis in these settings is typically multifactorial. The loss of bone may be direct or indirect but ultimately is related to altered osteoblast or osteoclast function. Causes of secondary osteoporosis should especially be investigated in men at all ages and in premenopausal women with atraumatic fractures. In addition patients with known risk factors should be evaluated. Early recognition and intervention are essential to prevent further loss of bone mass and to prevent fragility fractures. Dr. Templeton is Associate Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS. Neither Dr. Templeton nor the department with which she is affiliated has received anything of value from or owns stock in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. Reprint requests Dr. Templeton Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Kansas Medical Center 3901 Rainbow Boulevard Kansas City KS 66160. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2005 13 475-486 Copyright 2005 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Osteoporosis occurs when the normal processes of bone formation and resorption are no longer coupled leading to a net loss of bone and thus to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis is diagnosed by measuring bone mineral density BMD using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry DXA . According to the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined as BMD between 1 and standard .