tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: " Pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV: It is time"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học quốc tế cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV: It is time | Retrovirology BioMed Central Hypothesis Pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV It is time Stephen M Smith Address Saint Michael s Medical Center and The New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey 07102 USA Email Stephen M Smith - ssmith1824@ Corresponding author Open Access Published 06 July 2004 Retrovirology 2004 1 16 doi 1742-4690-1-16 Received 07 June 2004 Accepted 06 July 2004 This article is available from http content 1 1 16 2004 Smith licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose provided this notice is preserved along with the article s original URL. Abstract The HIV-1 plague continues unabatedly across sub-Saharan Africa. In Botswana and Swaziland nearly 40 of the entire adult population is already infected. No current program is capable of slowing the advancing tide. An effective vaccine and widespread treatment are years if not decades away. In this most urgent situation I propose that pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis be studied as a means to reduce the spread of HIV-1 among at-risk individuals. In sub-Saharan Africa the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 epidemic has reached staggering proportions with infection rates in several urban areas exceeding 35 of the adult population 1 . While there is no question of the need for interventional strategies to stem the overwhelming tide of new infections there is also no clear consensus as to what approaches might be the most effective. Considerable attention has been focused on the development of an immunoprophylactic vaccine 2 particularly for application in developing countries. Unfortunately the first phase 3 studies of a candidate HIV vaccine failed to provide protection from infection 3-5 and none of the remaining vaccine candidates currently in clinical trials appear likely to induce potent protective immunity 6 . Given HIV s propensity to escape cellular .