tailieunhanh - Báo cáo hóa học: " From risk assessment to in-context trajectory evaluation - GMOs and their social implications"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: From risk assessment to in-context trajectory evaluation - GMOs and their social implications | Pavone et al. Environmental Sciences Europe 2011 23 3 http content 23 1 3 o Environmental Sciences Europe a SpringerOpen Journal REVIEW Open Access From risk assessment to in-context trajectory evaluation - GMOs and their social implications Vincenzo Pavone1 Joanna Goven2 Riccardo Guarino3 Abstract Background Over the past 20 years genetically modified organisms GMOs have raised enormous expectations passionate political controversies and an ongoing debate on how these technologies should be assessed. Current risk assessment procedures generally assess GMOs in terms of their potential risk of negatively affecting human health and the environment. Can this risk-benefit approach deliver a robust assessment of GMOs In this paper we question the validity of current risk assessment from both a social and an ecological perspective and we elaborate an alternative approach namely in-context trajectory evaluation. This paper combines frame analysis context analysis and ecosocial analysis to three different case studies. Results Applying frame analysis to Syngenta s recent campaign Bring plant potential to life we first de-construct the technosocial imaginaries driving GMOs innovation showing how the latter endorses the technological fix of socioeconomic problems whilst reinforcing the neoliberal sociopolitical paradigm. Applying context analysis to biopharming in New Zealand we then explore local practices and knowledge showing that particularities of context typically omitted from risk assessment processes play a key role in determining both the risks and the potential benefits of a technology. Finally drawing from the Italian case we outline through ecosocial analysis how the lack of long-term studies further aggravated by current methodological deficiencies prevent risk assessment from considering not only how GMOs affect the environmental context but also and most importantly the way people live in and interact with this context. Conclusion .