tailieunhanh - WINDOWS 2000 TROUBLE SHOOTING TCP/I P phần 2

Tại sao một số sách chỉ định các thành phần phần mềm nhất định, chẳng hạn như redirectors, hoạt động ở lớp ứng dụng, trong khi những người khác nói mà redirectors làm việc ở lớp trình bày không? A: Có một vài lý do cho sự khác biệt. | 48 Chapter 1 TCP IP Overview new operating system is done in a well-organized fashion. Testing and prototyping pilot programs and a thoughtfully-planned rollout strategy will go a long way toward reducing the incidence of troubleshooting that will be required later on. FAQs Q Why do some books specify that certain software components such as redirectors operate at the Application layer while others say that redirectors work at the Presentation layer A There are a few reasons for the discrepancy. First there are many different types of network redirectors some of which are part of the operating system and others such as the Novell Client 32 software for connecting a Windows machine to a NetWare network made by third parties. Additionally some books reference the OSI networking model which consists of seven layers while others are basing their statements on the DoD model which only has four. A component that operates at the Presentation layer of the OSI model would be operating at the Application or Application Process layer of the DoD model. Q It s called TCP IP. What are all those other protocols and what are they for A TCP and IP are the core protocols sometimes called the protocol stack but an entire suite of useful protocols has grown up around them. Some of these provide for basic functionality in performing such common network tasks as transferring files between two computers FTP or running applications on a remote computer Telnet . Others are used for information gathering SNMP NETSTAT IPCONFIG and many are troubleshooting tools that also allow you to perform basic configuration tasks ARP ROUTE . Q What is the difference between TCP and UDP if they both operate at the Transport layer A Although both TCP and UDP are Transport layer protocols and provide the same basic function TCP is a connection-oriented protocol which means a session is established before data is transmitted and acknowledgments are sent back to the sending computer to verify that the data .