tailieunhanh - Biochemistry, 4th Edition P71

Biochemistry, 4th Edition P71. Continuing Garrett and Grisham's innovative conceptual and organizing framework, "Essential Questions," BIOCHEMISTRY guides students through course concepts in a way that reveals the beauty and usefulness of biochemistry in the everyday world. Streamlined for increased clarity and readability, this edition also includes new photos and illustrations that show the subject matter consistently throughout the text. New end-of-chapter problems, MCAT practice questions, and the unparalleled text/media integration with the power of CengageNOW round out this exceptional package, giving you the tools you need to both master course concepts and develop critical problem-solving skills you can draw upon. | What Is Gluconeogenesis and How Does It Operate 663 HUMAN BIOCHEMISTRY The Chemistry of Glucose Monitoring Devices Individuals with diabetes must measure their serum glucose concentration frequently often several times a day. The advent of computerized automated devices for glucose monitoring has made this necessary chore easier far more accurate and more convenient than it once was. These devices all use a simple chemical scheme for glucose measurement that involves oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid by glucose oxidase. This reaction produces two molecules of hydrogen peroxide per molecule of glucose oxidized. The H2O2 is then used to oxidize a dye such as o-dianisidine to a colored product that can be measured Glucose 2 H2O O2------ gluconic acid 2 H2O2 o-dianisidine colorless H2O2---- oxidized o-anisidine colored H2O The amount of colored dye produced is directly proportional to the amount of glucose in the sample. The patient typically applies a drop of blood from a fingerprick to a plastic test strip that is then inserted into the glucose monitor. Within half a minute a digital readout indicates the blood glucose value. Modern glucose monitors store several days of glucose measurements and the data can be easily transferred to a computer for analysis and graphing. How does the monitor deal with getting just the right amount of blood The blood flows up an absorbent wick by capillary action. It is impossible to overfill this device but the monitor will give an error signal if not enough blood flows up the strip. esis are the liver and kidneys which account for about 90 and 10 of the body s gluconeogenic activity respectively. Glucose produced by gluconeogenesis in the liver and kidneys is released into the blood and is subsequently absorbed by brain heart muscle and red blood cells to meet their metabolic needs. In turn pyruvate and lactate produced in these tissues are returned to the liver and kidneys to be used as gluconeogenic substrates. .

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