tailieunhanh - Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 8

8 Provisioning A honeybee (Apis mellifera) colony contains thousands of foragers that collect large amounts of nectar, pollen, propolis, and water and deliver them to the hive. The colony’s activities and, ultimately, reproduction depend on these resources. Millions of years of honeybee evolution and thousands of years. | iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Part III Modern Foraging Theory Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 8 Provisioning Ronald C. Ydenberg Prologue A honeybee Apis mellifera colony contains thousands of foragers that collect large amounts of nectar pollen propolis and water and deliver them to the hive. The colony s activities and ultimately reproduction depend on these resources. Millions of years of honeybee evolution and thousands of years of domestication have selected for proficient resource provisioning. Bees divide the labor of resource acquisition and provisioning. Scout bees specialize in finding ephemeral resources and recruiting foragers to good locations. Foragers fuel up on the communal honey supply and leave the colony knowing where to go and what to expect. En route they regulate their flight speed micromanage their body temperature and carefully collect a load for transport back to the hive. In the hive a system of feedbacks involving behaviors odors and pheromones regulates the quantity and quality of future resource deliveries. Using this system the colony can quickly refocus its activities on the commodities it needs most. Many predators including bears honey badgers honeyguides honey buzzards and hornets covet the contents of a hive and the bees must defend it. Outside the hive bee wolves and other predatory insects as well as a suite of birds such as bee-eaters make a forager s life hazardous. If she eludes all these dangers she faces a routine of grueling work after .

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