tailieunhanh - The economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets Part 5

Ch a p ter 10 Banking Industry: Structure and Competition. The operations of individual banks (how they acquire, use, and manage funds to make a profit) are roughly similar throughout the world. In all countries, banks are financial intermediaries in the business of earning profits. | Chapter 10 Banking Industry Structure and Competition PREVIEW The operations of individual banks how they acquire use and manage funds to make a profit are roughly similar throughout the world. In all countries banks are financial intermediaries in the business of earning profits. When you consider the structure and operation of the banking industry as a whole however the United States is in a class by itself. In most countries four or five large banks typically dominate the banking industry but in the United States there are on the order of 8 000 commercial banks 1 500 savings and loan associations 400 mutual savings banks and 10 000 credit unions. Is more better Does this diversity mean that the American banking system is more competitive and therefore more economically efficient and sound than banking systems in other countries What in the American economic and political system explains this large number of banking institutions In this chapter we try to answer these questions by examining the historical trends in the banking industry and its overall structure. We start by examining the historical development of the banking system and how financial innovation has increased the competitive environment for the banking industry and is causing fundamental changes in it. We then go on to look at the commercial banking industry in detail and then discuss the thrift industry which includes savings and loan associations mutual savings banks and credit unions. We spend more time on commercial banks because they are by far the largest depository institutions accounting for over two-thirds of the deposits in the banking system. In addition to looking at our domestic banking system we also examine the forces behind the growth in international banking to see how it has affected us in the United States. Historical Development of the Banking System The modern commercial banking industry in the Unted States began when the Bank of North America was chartered in Philadelphia in .

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