tailieunhanh - english sound structure part 19

english sound structure part 19. Bài tập luyện ngữ pháp tiếng anh cho mọi người, đây là tài liệu hay và hữu ích có thể giúp các bạn có thể nắm vững được các ngữ pháp tiếng anh cụ thể. | 240 Floating Sounds 15 Pre-consonantal a OR O O b O R 1 l 1 1 11 pa ti ha p Pre-pausal c O R Note that the unification of contexts is achieved by making the assumption that word-final consonants including r are syllabified in coda position see 15b and 15c . This view is of course at variance with the model of constituent structure defended in chapters 2 and 4 but let us accept it for the moment for the sake of argument. Putting the coda and r-deletion accounts together we can now formalize non-rhoticity in Systems B and C in terms of rule 16 .20 16 R-Dropping R I r That is r is delinked whenever it occurs in a rhyme see 17a . As depicted in 17b an onset rin Systems B and C remains unaffected 17 O R R-Dropping OR OR II II paid party a O R P a r t i pa t i b o 1 R O 1 i R not applicable kaeri carry 5 k I 1 ae r I i The distinction then between rhotic and non-rhotic dialects is that the latter but not the former have some version of rule 16 in their grammars. The rule is responsible for a surface distributional difference in which rhotic systems show constricted r in both onsets and rhymes while non-rhotic systems have the potential to show the consonant only in onsets. Now consider how this account can be extended to deal with the r-zero alternation confining our attention for the time being to System B. Recall that in this system there is a contrast between morphemes such as bar which show the alternation and those such as Shah which invariably end in a vowel see the data in 6 8 and 11 . This sort of situation is classically dealt with under the criterion of surface Given a set of morphemes which shows an alternation between segments X and Y and another set which only ever contains X we assume that Y is underlyingly present in the alternating set. The X alternant Floating Sounds 241 in the latter set is then derived by process. If we were to choose X as underlying in the alternating cases the process necessary to derive the Y alternant would be .