tailieunhanh - Gimson's pronunciation of english part 3

Gimson's pronunciation of english part 3. Bài tập luyện ngữ pháp tiếng anh cho mọi người, đây là tài liệu hay và hữu ích có thể giúp các bạn có thể nắm vững được các ngữ pháp tiếng anh cụ thể. | 8 Language and Sf eeeh progress beyond the stage of using the sounds they produce as a reflex of certain basic stimuli to signal fear hunger sexual excitement and the Nevertheless like other animals man when he speaks makes use of organs whose primary physiological function is unconnected with vocal communication in particular those situated in the respiratory tract. Sources of Energy The Lungs The most usual source of energy for our vocal activity is provided by an airstream expelled from the lungs. There are languages which possess sounds not requiring lung pulmonic air for their articulation and indeed. In English we have one or two extralinguistic sounds such as what we write as tut-tut and the noise of encouragement made to horses which arc produced without the aid of the lungs but all the essential sounds of English use lung air for their production. Our utterances are therefore largely shaped by the physiological limitations imposed bj the capacity of our lungs and by the muscles which control their action. We art obliged to pause In articulation In order to refill our lungs with air and this wil to some extent condition the division of speech into intonational phrases set . In those cases where the airstream is not available for the upper organs of speech as when after the removal of the larynx lung air does noi reach the mouth but escapes from an artificial opening in the neck a new sourer of energy such as stomach air has to be employed. A new source of this kinc imposes more restrictions than those exerted by the lungs and variation ot energy is less efficiently controlled. A number of techniques arc available for the investigation of the activity dur Ing speech of the lungs and their controlling muscles. At one time air pressure within the lungs was observed by the reaction of an air-filled balloon in the stomach. On the basis of such evidence from a gastric balloon it was at one time claimed that syllables were formed by chest .

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