tailieunhanh - Plant biotechnology

Plant biotechnology Biotechnology: “the application of scientific methods to manipulate living cells or organisms for practical purposes.” Nabors; Chapter 14. “For centuries, humankind has made improvements to crop plants through selective breeding and hybridization — the controlled pollination of plants. Plant biotechnology is an extension of this traditional plant breeding with one very important difference — plant biotechnology allows for the transfer of a greater variety of genetic information in a more precise, controlled manner.” From Monsanto web page on biotechnology. . | Plant biotechnology Biotechnology the application of scientific methods to manipulate living cells or organisms for practical purposes. Nabors Chapter 14. For centuries humankind has made improvements to crop plants through selective breeding and hybridization the controlled pollination of plants. Plant biotechnology is an extension of this traditional plant breeding with one very important difference plant biotechnology allows for the transfer of a greater variety of genetic information in a more precise controlled manner. From Monsanto web page on biotechnology. Methods utilized in plant biotechnology Genetic engineering the transfer of specific genes from one organism to another. Gene identification Isolation of genes Transfer of genes Result transgenic organism. Transfer of Bt genes from Bacillus thuringiensis which code for proteins that are converted into toxins in the gut tracts of insects. When spliced into the genome of corn it is hoped that these genes will produce the proteins which will convey insect resistance to this particular strain of corn. Result from transferring the gene for luciferase enzyme from fireflies into tobacco plant. In the presence of the enzymes substrates luciferin ATP oxygen the plant glows with the light of a firefly. Steps involved 1 Ti plasmids isolated. 2 Gene of interest is isolated ligase enzymes excise desired gene 3 Enzymes splice gene of interest into the Ti plasmid. 4 The Ti plasmid is inserted into a plant cell where DNA from the plasmid is incorporated into the DNA chromosomes of the plant. Enzymes cut out desired gene NA coma ining desired gene removed from cell 5 LNA vector taken from bacterium Bacteria reproduce -creating a large number of bacteria Mth the new characteristic Instead of being inserted into bacteria the plasmid is inserted into plant cells Enzymes insert gere into DMA vector 5 Plant grown from these cells all contain the new .