tailieunhanh - Joe Celko s SQL for Smarties - Advanced SQL Programming P77

Joe Celko s SQL for Smarties - Advanced SQL Programming P77. In the SQL database community, Joe Celko is a well-known columnist and purveyor of valuable insights. In Joe Celko's SQL for Smarties: Advanced SQL Programming, he picks up where basic SQL training and experience leaves many database professionals and offers tips, techniques, and explanations that help readers extend their capabilities to top-tier SQL programming. Although Celko denies that the book is about database theory, he nevertheless alludes to theory often to buttress his practical points. This title is not for novices, as the author points out. Instead, its intended. | 732 CHAPTER 33 OPTIMIZING SQL CA-Ingres has one of the best optimizers which extensively reorders a query before executing it. It is one of the few products that can find most semantically identical queries and reduce them to the same internal form. Rdb a DEC product that now belongs to Oracle uses a searching method taken from an AI artificial intelligence game-playing program to inspect the costs of several different approaches before making a decision. DB2 has a system table with a statistical profile of the base tables. In short no two products use exactly the same optimization techniques. The fact that each SQL engine uses a different internal storage scheme and access methods for its data makes some optimizations nonportable. Likewise some optimizations depend on the hardware configuration and a technique that was excellent for one product on a single hardware configuration could be a disaster in another product or on another hardware configuration with the same product. Access Methods For this discussion let us assume that there are four basic methods of getting to data table scans or sequential reads of all the rows in the table access via some kind of index hashing and bit vector indexes. Sequential Access The table scan is a sequential read of all the data in the order in which it appears in physical storage grabbing one page of memory at a time. Most databases do not physically remove deleted rows so a table can use a lot of physical space and yet hold little data. Depending on just how dynamic the database is you may want to run a utility program to reclaim storage and compress the database. Performance can improve suddenly and drastically after database reorganization. Indexed Access Indexed access returns one row at a time. The index is probably going to be a B-Tree of some sort but it could be a hashed index inverted file structures or another format. Obviously if you do not have an index on a table then you cannot use indexed .

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