tailieunhanh - Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 3

Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 3. This book describes a revolution within a revolution, the opening up of the capacity of the now-familiar optical fiber to carry more messages, handle a wider variety of transmission types, and provide improved reliabilities and ease of use. In many places where fiber has been installed simply as a better form of copper, even the gigabit capacities that result have not proved adequate to keep up with the demand. The inborn human voracity for more and more bandwidth, plus the growing realization that there are other flexibilities to be had by imaginative use of the fiber, have led people. | XX Contents II Networks 361 6 Client Layers of the Optical Layer 363 SONET SDH. 364 Multiplexing. 367 6 SONET SDH Layers. 370 SONET Frame Structure. 371 6 SONET SDH Physical Layer. . 375 Elements of a SONET SDH Infrastructure. 378 ATM . 381 Functions of ATM. 382 Adaptation Layers. 385 Quality of Service. 386 Flow Control. 387 Signaling and Routing. 387 IP. 388 Routing and Forwarding. 390 Quality of Service. 392 Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS . 392 6 3 4 Whither ATM . 394 Storage-Area Networks. 395 ESCON. 396 Fibre Channel. 397 64 3 HIPPI. 397 Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet. 398 Summary . 398 Further Reading. 399 Problems. 399 References. 401 7 WDM Network Elements 403 Optical Line Terminals. 406 Optical Line Amplifiers. 408 Optical Add Drop Multiplexers. 408 OADM Architectures. 411 Reconfigurable OADMs. 417 Optical Crossconnects. 419 All-Optical oxc Configurations. 425 Summary . 428 Further Reading. 430 Contents xxi Problems. 431 References. 433 8 WDM Network Design 437 Cost Trade-Offs A Detailed Ring Network Example . 441 LTD and RWA Problems. 448 Lightpath Topology Design . 449 Routing and Wavelength Assignment. 454 Wavelength Conversion. 457 Relationship to Graph Coloring. 461 Dimensioning Wavelength-Routing Networks . 462 Statistical Dimensioning Models. 464 First-Passage Model . 466 Blocking Model. 467 Maximum Load Dimensioning Models. 475 Offline Lightpath Requests. 475 Online RWA in Rings. 481 Summary . 482 Further Reading. 484 Problems. 484 References. 488 9 Control and Management 495 Network Management Functions. 495 Management Framework . 497 Information Model. 499 Management Protocols. 500 Optical Layer Services and Interfacing. 502 Layers within the Optical Layer. 504 Multivendor Interoperability. 505 .