tailieunhanh - Encyclopedia of american business history part 3

Carnegie, Andrew (1835–1919) industrialist Born in Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1835, Carnegie immigrated to the United States with his family in 1848. The family settled in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where Andrew went to work to help support the family rather than attend school. | C Carnegie Andrew 1835-1919 industrialist Born in Dunfermline Scotland in 1835 Carnegie immigrated to the United States with his family in 1848. The family settled in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania where Andrew went to work to help support the family rather than attend school. He took his first job in a factory when he was 13 for a salary of per week. After working at a telegraph company and teaching himself Morse code Carnegie went to work for the Pennsylvania Railroad where he was the personal assistant to Thomas Scott later to be the railroad s president. He worked at the railroad for 12 years before striking out on his own. Recognizing that the cargo the railroad carried especially crude oil was more lucrative than railroading itself Carnegie made some investments that increased his annual income to almost 50 000 per year during the Civil War. In 1862 he organized a company to build iron bridges initially for the Pennsylvania Railroad. The company was later reorganized as the Keystone Bridge Company and became one of the first companies to build bridges made of iron rather than wood which had been the standard. The company supplied iron for the Eads Bridge over the Mississippi River in St. Louis and the Brooklyn Bridge over the East River in New York. In 1867 he organized the Keystone Telegraph Co. to lay telegraph wires alongside railroad lines recognizing that the railroad phenomenon had created a communication as well as transportation revolution. In the early 1870s Carnegie decided to expand into steel production. Steel had been improved significantly by the Bessemer process developed in Britain by Henry Bessemer and Carnegie decided to begin manufacturing it in the United States. Within a short period of time he was producing steel for the railroads and was quickly becoming one of the largest producers in the country. His first steel company was called Carnegie McCandless Co. His management style included a rigorous use of cost-cutting measures designed to .

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