tailieunhanh - Ideas of Quantum Chemistry P9

Ideas of Quantum Chemistry P9 shows how quantum mechanics is applied to chemistry to give it a theoretical foundation. The structure of the book (a TREE-form) emphasizes the logical relationships between various topics, facts and methods. It shows the reader which parts of the text are needed for understanding specific aspects of the subject matter. Interspersed throughout the text are short biographies of key scientists and their contributions to the development of the field. | 46 1. The Magic of Quantum Mechanics It would be interesting to perform a real experiment similar to Bell s to confirm the Bell inequality. This opens the way for deciding in a physical experiment whether elementary particles are classical though extremely small objects that have some well defined attributes irrespective of whether we observe them or not Einstein s view elementary particles do not have such attributes and only measurements themselves make them have measured values Bohr s view . INTRIGUING RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS WITH PHOTONS Aspect et al. French scientists from the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Optics in Orsay published the results of their experiments with The excited calcium atom emitted pairs of photons analogues of our bars which moved in opposite directions and had the same polarization. After flying about 6 m they both met the polarizers - analogues of slits A and B in the Bell procedure. A polarizer allows a photon with polarization state 0 or parallel to the polarizer axis always pass through and always rejects any photon in the polarization state 1 or perpendicular indeed perpendicular to the above parallel setting . When the polarizer is rotated about the optical axis by an angle it will pass through a percentage of the photons in state 0 and a percentage of the photons in state 1 . When both polarizers are in the parallel setting there is perfect correlation between the two photons of each pair . exactly as in Bell s Experiment I. In the photon experiment this correlation was checked for 50 million photons every second for about 12 000 seconds. Bell s experiments II-IV have been carried out. Common sense indicates that even if the two photons in a pair have random polarizations perfectly correlated though always the same - like the bars they still have some polarizations . maybe unknown but definite as in the case of the bars . what E P and R believed happens . Hence the results of the photon experiments .