tailieunhanh - Handbook of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety in Engineering Design - Part 36

Handbook of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety in Engineering Design - Part 36 studies the combination of various methods of designing for reliability, availability, maintainability and safety, as well as the latest techniques in probability and possibility modelling, mathematical algorithmic modelling, evolutionary algorithmic modelling, symbolic logic modelling, artificial intelligence modelling, and object-oriented computer modelling, in a logically structured approach to determining the integrity of engineering design. . | Theoretical Overview of Availability and Maintainability in Engineering Design 333 To obtain a reasonable measure of the process capability the length of the time frame should be chosen such that it is long enough to reflect all the substantial sources of variation in the process. Defining the sampling method or procedure is also important. The pilot process output should be sampled in such a way that a fair representation is obtained of the process over the chosen time frame. For capability calculations it is not always necessary for the samples to be collected in subgroups. However sub-grouping of the pilot process data can also be used to create control charts that may be helpful in understanding a particular process characteristic. Altering the process view can substantially change the conclusions about the process capability. As a result specific guidelines regarding the time frame and the sampling method used to collect the pilot process data necessary for calculating capability are essential. Another important issue related to the process view is the number of data points used in the estimation. Ppk is an estimate of the process capability and thus even if the process is unchanged taking another sample and recalculating the index is unlikely to yield precisely the same result. The amount of uncertainty is based on both the properties of the process and the number of data observations used to calculate the capability index. Larger sample sizes provide more information and thus tend to lead to better estimates of the process capability. A further important aspect in considering process capability as an indicator in designing for availability is process stability. A process is considered stable if all the points on its X and R control charts fall within the design control limits and there are no apparent deviation patterns. The stability of a process is an important property in designing for availability because if the process design is considered stable it

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