tailieunhanh - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 7

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 7. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 40 Anselm of Canterbury St objections measuring contrasting positions with arguments. Likewise noteworthy are Anselm s sharp attention to proper versus improper linguistic usage and his subtle treatments of metaphysical and deontological modalities. Where logic and semantics are concerned Anselm was as up to date as it was possible for an eleventh-century European to be. But his own philosophy subsumes both school-book discussions and his own innovations under metaphysical value theory accords them significance within his larger project of probing the semantics of the Divine Word Truth Itself . teleological explanation. Anselm of Canterbury The Major Works ed. B. Davies and G. Evans Oxford 1998 . G. R. Evans Anselm and Talking about God Oxford 1978 . D. P. Henry The Logic of Saint Anselm Oxford 1967 . F. S. Schmitt Sancti Anselmi Opera Omnia 6 vols. Edinburgh 1946-61 . R. W. Southern Saint Anselm A Portrait in a Landscape Cambridge 1990 . anthropic principle. A principle asserting that the universe must have certain features given that human observers exist. In cosmology the weak anthropic principle asserts that we can observe only universes that allow the development of cognitive agents similar to humans. The weak principle is not trivial for example it places limits on how young the universe can be. More controversially the strong anthropic principle asserts that various coincidences in the values of physical constants are explained by the fact that those values are essential for the existence of humans. Anthropic principles have played an important role in alternatives to theological arguments from design but they have also exposed how improbable are the coincidences required for human life. . John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler The Anthropic Cosmological Principle Oxford 1986 . anthropology philosophical. Anthropology the study of man goes back to the beginnings of philosophy. The term anthropology was also used by for example Kant and Hegel to denote a