tailieunhanh - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 98

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 98. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 950 voluntarism ethical voluntarism ethical. Voluntarism can be characterized as any philosophical view in which prominence is given to the will over against one s other mental faculties. Ethical voluntarism is the view that whether an act qualifies as right or wrong depends primarily upon how the act is willed and that the consequences of one s act are judged good or bad primarily in accord with the goodness or badness of the will which produces the act. In general Kantian ethics is quite hospitable to ethical voluntarism. Ethical voluntarists are inclined to doubt that there is such a thing as moral luck since fortuitous circumstances are unrelated to whether one s will is good and hence to whether one can be judged as having done right or wrong. . D. Statman Moral Luck New York 1993 . von Hartmann Eduard see Hartmann Eduard von. von Neumann John see Neumann John von. von Wright Georg Henrik 1916-2003 . In 1939 G. H. von Wright a member of Finland s Swedish-speaking minority went from Helsinki to Cambridge to pursue his interest in induction and probability. He met Ludwig Wittgenstein who influenced him greatly and in 1948 at the age of 33 von Wright succeeded Wittgenstein as Professor of Philosophy at Cambridge University. He resigned the chair in 1951 to return to Finland. From 1961 to 1986 he was Research Professor at the Academy of Finland. Besides editing many of Wittgenstein s works he produced biographical expository and critical writings about Wittgenstein. A survey of the three volumes of his Philosophical Papers indicates the scope of his interests Practical Reason vol. i 1983 continues themes from The Varieties of Goodness 1963 Norm and Action 1963 An Essay in Deontic Logic 1968 and Explanation and Understanding 1971 . Philosophical Logic vol. ii 1983 continues themes from A Treatise on Induction and Probability 1951 and Logical Studies 1957 and includes essays on paradoxes preference and tense logic. Truth Knowledge and Modality vol. iii 1984 .