tailieunhanh - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 34

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 34. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 310 form of life as well as concept-laden acculturated activities. Speaking a language is part of a form of life a culture and to imagine a language is to imagine a form of life. What has to be accepted the given is not the empiricist s mythical sense-data constituting the foundations ofknowledge but forms of life that lie beyond being justified or unjustified. . G. P. Baker and P. M. S. Hacker An Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations ii Wittgenstein Rules Grammar and Necessity Oxford 1985 238-43. Forms Platonic. The word Form is used to translate Plato s Greek word idea which is sometimes transliterated into English as Idea . From an etymological point of view the Greek word means the look of a thing but it was commonly extended to mean a sort kind or type of thing. Compare the Latin word species. What is called Plato s theory of Forms or Ideas is a theory about sorts kinds or types and its main claim is that a type exists independently of whether or not there are things of that type. It appears that Plato was led to the theory in the first place by considering such types as the type of person who is virtuous but he then extended it to many other types. . Aristotle cave analogy of metaphysics the history of phenomena and noumena Plato Platonism third-man argument transcendentalism. Almost any book on Plato will say something of his theory of Forms. A classic treatment is W. D. Ross Plato s Theory of Ideas Oxford 1951 . formula. The word has no very rigid meaning but in logic it is customarily applied to written expressions that are strings of symbols containing no words. A formal language consists of a vocabulary of symbols . P x V together with rules determining which strings of them are well formed. The well-formed formulae may then be manipulated mathematically or they may be interpreted . as schemas or as having meanings or both. . Foucault Michel 1926-84 . French intellectual whose politically as well as .