tailieunhanh - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

Nhà máy sửa đổi để thể hiện protein côn trùng từ Bacillus thuringiensis (gọi tắt là Bt-bảo vệ thực vật) cung cấp một phương pháp an toàn và có hiệu quả cao kiểm soát côn trùng. Bảo vệ ngô Bt, bông, và khoai tây đã được giới thiệu vào Hoa Kỳ năm 1995/1996 và trồng trên tổng số khoảng 10 triệu mẫu Anh vào năm 1997, 20 triệu mẫu Anh vào năm 1998, và 29 triệu mẫu Anh trên toàn cầu vào năm 1999. | Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 32 156-173 2000 doi available online at http on IDEM Safety and Advantages of Bacillus thuringiensis-Protected Plants to Control Insect Pests Fred S. Betz Bruce G. Hammond t and Roy L. Fuchst Jellinek Schwartz and Connolly Washington DC and tMonsanto Company St. Louis Missouri 63198 Received April 7 2000 Plants modified to express insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis referred to as Bt-pro-tected plants provide a safe and highly effective method of insect control. Bt-protected corn cotton and potato were introduced into the United States in 1995 1996 and grown on a total of approximately 10 million acres in 1997 20 million acres in 1998 and 29 million acres globally in 1999. The extremely rapid adoption of these Bt-protected crops demonstrates the outstanding grower satisfaction of the performance and value of these products. These crops provide highly effective control of major insect pests such as the European corn borer southwestern corn borer tobacco budworm cotton bollworm pink bollworm and Colorado potato beetle and reduce reliance on conventional chemical pesticides. They have provided notably higher yields in cotton and corn. The estimated total net savings to the grower using Bt-pro-tected cotton in the United States was approximately 92 million in 1998. Other benefits of these crops include reduced levels of the fungal toxin fumonisin in corn and the opportunity for supplemental pest control by beneficial insects due to the reduced use of broad-spectrum insecticides. Insect resistance management plans are being implemented to ensure the prolonged effectiveness of these products. Extensive testing of Bt-protected crops has been conducted which establishes the safety of these products to humans animals and the environment. Acute subchronic and chronic toxicology studies conducted over the past 40 years establish the safety of the microbial Bt products including .