tailieunhanh - The A to Z of the Vikings 27

The A to Z of the Vikings 27. This book provides a comprehensive work of reference for people interested in the Vikings, including entries on the main historical figures involved in this dramatic period, important battles and treaties, significant archaeological finds, and key works and sources of information on the period. It also summarizes the impact the Vikings had on the areas where they traveled and settled. There is a chronological table, detailed and annotated bibliographies for different themes and geographical locations, and an introduction discussing the major events and developments of the Viking age | 238 SCOTLAND VIKINGS IN The Outer Hebrides Orkney Shetland and most of the mainland north of the Clyde-Forth line were inhabited by a Pictish population. The Scottish kingdom of Dalriada included western Argyll and the Inner Hebrides as far north as Skye. The British kingdom of Strathclyde centered on Dumbarton Rock lay to the southwest of the Clyde-Forth boundary. An Anglian population had also settled in southern Scotland and Irish settlers inhabited the Rhins of Galloway. This political geography was radically altered as a consequence of Scandinavian raids and settlements. By the mid-ninth century the Scots under pressure from Scandinavians in the west had taken advantage of Pictish weakness in the east and under their king Kenneth mac Alpin had taken political control of Pictland. In the 10th century Strathclyde was added and the Scots fought the Northumbrians for control of what is now northwest England well into the medieval period. The first recorded Viking raids on mainland Scotland followed almost 40 years of raids on its islands and Ireland. By this time Scandinavians seem to have been actively involved in the political conflicts of Scotland and Ireland . In 836 a chieftain of apparently mixed Norse and Gaelic ancestry from northern Ireland Guôifreyr mac Fergus went to fight on the side of Kenneth mac Alpin in Dal-riada and the Annals of Ulster record that heathens fought a battle against the men of Fortriu in central Pictland in 839. The Gall-Gaedhil mentioned in Irish annals may have been based in the Hebrides and southwest Scotland and it is also argued that Olaf the White of Dublin may have been linked to this area. The establishment of a powerful Norse kingdom in Dublin in 853 was followed by extensive campaigning in mainland Scotland by Olaf and his kinsmen and again after the expulsion of the Dublin Norse in 902 there seems to have been a concerted if ultimately unsuccessful attempt to win land and power in Scotland. Following the re-establishment