tailieunhanh - The A to Z of the Vikings 8

The A to Z of the Vikings 8. This book provides a comprehensive work of reference for people interested in the Vikings, including entries on the main historical figures involved in this dramatic period, important battles and treaties, significant archaeological finds, and key works and sources of information on the period. It also summarizes the impact the Vikings had on the areas where they traveled and settled. There is a chronological table, detailed and annotated bibliographies for different themes and geographical locations, and an introduction discussing the major events and developments of the Viking age | 48 BJARKEYJARRETTR what language it might have been composed are questions that cannot be answered. BJARKEYJARRETTR. Name given to the laws that applied in the trading centers or towns of Norway and Sweden and which were developed into separate municipal law-codes in the medieval period. The name is believed to be derived from Birka Sweden s largest and most important Viking-Age trading center. The only town for which these laws as opposed to later municipal codifications survive is Lödöse in western Sweden near present-day Gothenburg although two fragments of the municipal code for Trondheim known as the Bjarkoyretten dated to c. 1250 survive for Norway. BJARNI HERJÖLFSSON. According to the evidence of the Saga of the Greenlanders Bjarni was probably the first European to sight North America. He was blown off course on a voyage from Iceland to Greenland and as a result he sighted three new countries Markland Helluland and Vinland. Bjarni s parents had sailed to Greenland with Erik the Red in 985 and established a family farmstead at Herjolfsnes in the Eastern Settlement. The churchyard at Herjolfsnes containing over 120 burials was excavated in 1921. The teeth and bones of the skeletons show some evidence of a poor diet and a unique collection of woolen clothing reveals that the inhabitants of Herjolfsnes in the first half of the 15th century wore woolen garments in European styles rather than the furs worn by their Inuit neighbors. BJÖRN IRONSIDE. Joint leader with Hastein of a Viking fleet of some 62 ships that looted around the Mediterranean between 859-862. According to William of Jumieges Björn was the son of the legendary Ragnar Loöbrok and his nickname was attributed to a spell of invulnerability that his mother had cast on him which meant that he could not be hurt on the battlefield. Hastein Hasting is said to have been Björn s tutor and is characterized by William as a very deceitful man. Together they attacked the Spanish see Spain southern French and .